Gusudira Laserni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi byo gukoresha tekinoroji yo gutunganya ibikoresho bya laser.Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gusudira ibikoresho bito bikikijwe no gusudira byihuse.Igikorwa cyo gusudira ni ubwoko bwikwirakwizwa ryubushyuhe, ni ukuvuga imirasire ya laser ishyushya ubuso bwakazi, kandi ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bukwirakwira imbere binyuze mumashanyarazi.Mugucunga ibipimo nkubugari, ingufu, imbaraga zimpanuka hamwe ninshuro zisubiramo za laser pulse, Igikorwa cyashonga kugirango gikore pisine yihariye.Ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byo gukora imashini, icyogajuru, inganda zimodoka, ifu ya metallurgie, inganda ziciriritse zikoresha mikorobe nizindi nzego.
Hamwe no kwiyongera guturika kwimodoka nshya zingufu, kwaguka kubyara ingufu za batiri byatumye imikurire ya laser yo gusudira.Kuva mu gice cya kabiri cy'umwaka wa 2018, gusudira intoki za lazeri bigenda byamamara buhoro buhoro, kandi byabaye ahantu heza ku isoko ryo gusudira laser mu gice cya mbere cy'uyu mwaka.Hamwe nubuhanga bwa tekiniki hamwe nibisabwa byaintoki za laser welding, birashoboka cyane gusimbuza imashini gakondo ya TIG yo gusudira (argon arc welding) isoko.
Mu myaka yashize,laseribateye imbere cyane, kandi ibyiza byabo birimo: igipimo kinini cyo guhinduranya amashanyarazi, kugabanuka kwubushyuhe bwihuse, guhinduka kwiza, imbaraga zikomeye zo kurwanya-kwivanga, igiciro gito, ubuzima burebure, guhinduka-kubusa, kubungabunga-ubusa, gutuza cyane, ubunini buto, Ukuboko -yabonye ibikoresho byo gusudira laser ukoresheje fibre fibre nayo yagiye itera imbere buhoro buhoro.
Gusudira Laserbisaba guterana neza neza kurupapuro rwakazi, kandi ikidodo cyo gusudira gikunda kugaragara.Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, uwashushanyije yerekeza ku bikoresho byo gusudira bya laser byindege idasanzwe kugirango atezimbere ibikoresho byo gusudira bya lazeri hamwe na swingi.Lazeri iri muburyo bwa "8" cyangwa "0" swing irashobora kugabanya igiterane cyukuri cyakazi kandi ikongerera gusudira. Nyuma yuruhererekane rwo gutezimbere no kunoza, ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gusudira bya lazeri bisanzwe bifite imbaraga za 0.5 -1.5KW, nubunini nuburemere bwibikoresho bingana na mashini yo gusudira ya argon arc, ishobora gusudira ibyuma bya 3mm cyangwa munsi yayo. Kugirango dukemure ibitagenda neza byingufu zidasanzwe zo gusudira zubatswe na laser, mumyaka yashize, ibikoresho abayikora bahujije ibikoresho byo kugaburira insinga byikora hashingiwe ku gusudira lazeri, kandi batezimbere ibikoresho byo gusudira bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma byo gusudira bishobora guhita bigaburira insinga, ahanini bikaba byujuje ibyifuzo byibyuma bito munsi ya 4m. Gusudira birashobora gusimbuza no kurenga gusudira arcon arc, menya umuvuduko mwinshi, kwinjiza ubushyuhe buke, guhindura ibintu bito, gusudira kugiciro gito cyo kurengera ibidukikije, hamwe nigiciro cyo gukora kiri munsi yicyya argon arc welding under ibintu bimwe.
Iyo ikora, umutwe ufashwe n'intoki ya mashini yo gusudira ifite ubugari bwa scanne, kandi diameter yayo yibibera ni nto, iyo rero yo gusudira, isikana kuva kumurongo umwe ujya kumurongo kumurongo kumurongo, bityo ikora isaro ryo gusudira.Ugereranije n’imashini gakondo yo gusudira ikonje, umuvuduko wo gusudira wogukoresha intoki za lazeri wihuta, kandi inzira yo gusudira inshuro imwe igena ko ikwiriye gusudira imbaga ndende ndende.
Imashini yo gusudira ya lazeri ifata umwanya muto, kandi mubisanzwe ifite imitwe itandukanye ifashe intoki.Ukurikije ibikenerwa bitandukanye byicyuma nko gusudira hanze, gusudira imbere, gusudira-iburyo, gusudira kwagutse, hamwe no gusudira ahantu hanini, imitwe itandukanye ifatishijwe intoki.Ibicuruzwa bishobora gusudwa biratandukanye, kandi imiterere yibicuruzwa iroroshye guhinduka.Ku mahugurwa yo kubyaza umusaruro akora ibikorwa bito bito bito kandi binini byo gusudira, imashini yo gusudira ya lazeri ni amahitamo meza.
Ibikoresho bitandukanye byibyuma bifite aho bishonga: gushiraho ibipimo byo gusudira kubwoko butandukanye bwibikoresho byo gusudira biragoye, kandi ibintu bya termofiziki yibikoresho byo gusudira bizerekana itandukaniro ritandukanye nihindagurika ryubushyuhe;igipimo cyo kwinjiza ubwoko butandukanye bwibikoresho bya laser nabyo bizahinduka hamwe nubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwerekana itandukaniro;kugurisha gufatanya gushonga hamwe nihindagurika ryimiterere yakarere katewe nubushyuhe mugihe cyo gusudira;inenge ihuriweho na mashini yo gusudira ya lazeri ifata intoki, gusudira kwitabira gusudira hamwe no guhindura amashyuza, nibindi. Ariko icy'ingenzi ni ingaruka zo gutandukanya imiterere yibikoresho byo gusudira kuri macro na mikoro ya weld.
Ni ibihe bikoresho bishoboraimashini yo gusudira lasergusudira?
1. Icyuma
Ibyuma bitagira umuyonga bifite coefficente yo kwagura ubushyuhe, kandi ikunda gushyuha mugihe cyo gusudira.Iyo zone yibasiwe nubushyuhe ari nini gato, bizatera ibibazo bikomeye byo guhindura ibintu.Nyamara, ubushyuhe butangwa na mashini yo gusudira ya lazeri mugihe cyose cyo gusudira ni gito.Ufatanije nubushyuhe buke bwumuriro, umuvuduko mwinshi wo kwinjiza no gushonga ibyuma bidafite ingese, byakozwe neza, byoroshye kandi byiza birashobora kuboneka nyuma yo gusudira.
2. Ibyuma bya karubone
Icyuma gisanzwe cya karubone gishobora gusudwa mu buryo butaziguye no gusudira intoki za lazeri, ingaruka zigereranywa no gusudira ibyuma bitagira umwanda, kandi akarere gaterwa nubushyuhe ni nto, ariko iyo gusudira ibyuma bya karubone buciriritse kandi binini, ubushyuhe busigaye buri hejuru cyane, bityo rero biracyakenewe gusudira mbere yo gusudira.Gushyushya no kubika ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira kugirango ugabanye imihangayiko kandi wirinde gucika.Hano turashobora kuvuga kubyerekeye imashini yo gusudira ikonje.Icyuma giciriritse kandi kinini cya karubone kirashobora gusudwa cyangwa gusanwa ku muvuduko gahoro hamwe no gusudira gukonje hamwe n’icyuma cyo gusudira ibyuma.Kubijyanye no kugenzura ubushyuhe, kugenzura ubushyuhe, no kugenzura ubushyuhe, imashini yo gusudira ikonje irashobora kwigisha gusudira intoki za lazeri zikora neza cyane ku bisigazwa by’ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira.
3. Gupfa ibyuma
Birakwiriye gusudira ubwoko butandukanye bwibyuma bipfa, kandi ingaruka zo gusudira nibyiza cyane.
4. Aluminium na aluminiyumu
Aluminium na aluminiyumu ni ibikoresho byerekana cyane, kandi ububobere bushobora kugaragara muri pisine yashongeshejwe cyangwa kumuzi mugihe cyo gusudira.Ugereranije nibikoresho byabanjirije ibyuma, aluminiyumu na aluminiyumu bifite ibisabwa byinshi ku bipimo, ariko igihe cyose ibipimo byatoranijwe byo gusudira bikwiye, ikidodo cyo gusudira gifite ibikoresho bya tekinike kimwe nicyuma fatizo gishobora kuboneka.
5. Umuringa n'umuringa
Ubushyuhe bwumuriro wumuringa burakomeye cyane, kandi biroroshye gutera kwinjira bituzuye no guhuza igice mugihe cyo gusudira.Mubisanzwe, ibikoresho byumuringa bishyuha mugihe cyo gusudira kugirango bifashe gusudira.Hano turavuga ibikoresho bito byumuringa.Gusudira intoki za lazeri birashobora gusudira mu buryo butaziguye, kubera imbaraga zabyo hamwe n'umuvuduko wo gusudira byihuse, ntabwo bigira ingaruka cyane ku bushyuhe bwinshi bw'umuringa.
6. Kuzenguruka hagati y'ibikoresho bidasa
Imashini yo gusudira ya laser ifite intoki irashobora gukorwa hagati yibyuma bitandukanye bidasa, nkumuringa-nikel, nikel-titanium, umuringa-titanium, titanium-molybdenum, umuringa-umuringa, ibyuma bike bya karuboni-umuringa nibindi byuma bidasa.Gusudira lazeri birashobora gukorwa mubihe byose (gaze cyangwa ubushyuhe).
Imashini yo gusudira ya lazeri ni igikoresho gikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zo gusudira, cyane cyane ko nubwo ibi bikoresho bisa naho bihenze, birashobora kuzigama amafaranga yumurimo neza.Igiciro cyakazi cyabasudira kirahenze cyane.Gukoresha ibi Igicuruzwa gikemura ikibazo cyigiciro cyinshi kandi kitoroshye cyo gusudira.Byongeye kandi, imashini yo gusudira ya lazeri yatwaye imashini ishimwa n’abakiriya ibihumbi kubera ubuzima bwayo bumara igihe kinini ndetse n’ingufu nke.
Niba ushaka kumenya byinshi kubijyanye no gusukura lazeri, cyangwa ushaka kugura imashini nziza yo koza laser, nyamuneka usige ubutumwa kurubuga rwacu hanyuma utwoherereze ubutumwa butaziguye!
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-03-2022
